Mastering the Periodic Table Elements: 5 Key Elements, Periods, Groups, and Mendeleev’s Legacy

The Periodic Table: An Organized Universe of Elements

Periodic Table elements – Picture a vast chart meticulously categorizing every known chemical element based on its atomic number and electron configuration. This is precisely what the periodic table accomplishes. The table comprises rows and columns, where rows are referred to as periods, and columns are known as groups. Dmitri Mendeleev, a pioneering Russian chemist, played a pivotal role in its development in 1869. This article delves into the essential concepts of the periodic table, shedding light on periods, groups, and the enduring legacy of Mendeleev’s contribution to the field of chemistry.

Periods: Horizontal Rows of Elemental Evolution

Within the periodic table, periods are represented as horizontal rows that extend from left to right. There are seven periods, numbered from 1 to 7, located on the left side of the table. As you traverse a period from left to right, the atomic numbers of the elements progressively increase. This ascending atomic number signifies the addition of protons in the nucleus, resulting in an increase in electron shells or energy levels. Consequently, the electron configuration of elements undergoes changes within a period.

It’s essential to note that elements within the same period may exhibit vastly different chemical properties. Despite their proximity in the table, the atomic number and electron configuration play a crucial role in determining an element’s unique characteristics. In other words, elements in a period are not necessarily chemically similar.

Groups: Vertical Columns of Elemental Kin

Groups, also known as families, form the vertical columns of the periodic table. There are a total of 18 numbered groups in the table, although it’s worth mentioning that the f-block columns, nestled between groups 2 and 3, do not bear numerical designations. Each group consists of elements that share similar chemical properties, owing to their analogous electron configurations in the outermost electron shell.

The group number signifies the number of valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost energy level, shared by all elements within that group. These valence electrons heavily influence an element’s chemical behavior, making elements within the same group chemically related. Consequently, elements belonging to the same group often exhibit comparable reactivity, bonding tendencies, and general chemical behavior.

Dmitri Mendeleev’s Ingenious Contributions

The development of the periodic table wouldn’t be complete without acknowledging the pioneering work of Dmitri Mendeleev. In 1869, Mendeleev revolutionized the world of chemistry by arranging elements based on their properties. Remarkably, he left gaps in the table for elements that had not yet been discovered, predicting their properties with uncanny accuracy. His foresight in creating a table with empty slots for future discoveries underscores the depth of his understanding of the periodic trends of elements.

In conclusion, the periodic table is more than just a chart; it’s a roadmap that guides chemists in their exploration of the fundamental building blocks of matter. Periods and groups provide a structured framework for understanding the behavior of elements, while Dmitri Mendeleev’s visionary contributions continue to inspire scientific discovery to this day. As we peer into this organized universe of elements, we uncover the remarkable patterns and properties that define the world of chemistry.

Periodic is an arrangement of elements, ordered by their atomic number and electron configuration. In the table rows are called as periods and columns are called groups. The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev develops the periodic table based on their properties in 1869.
Please see the below periodic table.

Please see the below periodic table elements. Periods in the periodic table elements. In each period (horizontal row), the atomic numbers increase from left to right. The periods are numbered 1 through 7 on the left-hand side of the table. Elements that are in the same period have chemical properties that are not all that similar.
A group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in the Periodic table (periodic table elements) of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table, but the f-block columns (between groups 2 and 3) are not numbered.

Periodic Table elements with Electron Affinity:

List of Elements:

This table has electron affinity of Periodic table elements, symbol and discovered year.

Sno	Name	Symbol	Discover Year	Group	Electron configuration
1	Hydrogen	H	1776	1	1s1
2	Helium	He	1895	18	1s2
3	Lithium	Li	1817	1	[He] 2s1
4	Beryllium	Be	1797	2	[He] 2s2
5	Boron	B	1808	13	[He] 2s2 2p1
6	Carbon	C	ancient	14	[He] 2s2 2p2
7	Nitrogen	N	1772	15	[He] 2s2 2p3
8	Oxygen	O	1774	16	[He] 2s2 2p4
9	Fluorine	F	1886	17	[He] 2s2 2p5
10	Neon	Ne	1898	18	[He] 2s2 2p6
11	Sodium	Na	1807	1	[Ne] 3s1
12	Magnesium	Mg	1755	2	[Ne] 3s2
13	Aluminum	Al	1825	13	[Ne] 3s2 3p1
14	Silicon	Si	1824	14	[Ne] 3s2 3p2
15	Phosphorus	P	1669	15	[Ne] 3s2 3p3
16	Sulfur	S	ancient	16	[Ne] 3s2 3p4
17	Chlorine	Cl	1774	17	[Ne] 3s2 3p5
18	Argon	Ar	1894	18	[Ne] 3s2 3p6
19	Potassium	K	1807	1	[Ar] 4s1
20	Calcium	Ca	1808	2	[Ar] 4s2
21	Scandium	Sc	1879	3	[Ar] 3d1 4s2
22	Titanium	Ti	1791	4	[Ar] 3d2 4s2
23	Vanadium	V	1830	5	[Ar] 3d3 4s2
24	Chromium	Cr	1797	6	[Ar] 3d5 4s1
25	Manganese	Mn	1774	7	[Ar] 3d5 4s2
26	Iron	Fe	ancient	8	[Ar] 3d6 4s2
27	Cobalt	Co	1735	9	[Ar] 3d7 4s2
28	Nickel	Ni	1751	10	[Ar] 3d8 4s2
29	Copper	Cu	ancient	11	[Ar] 3d10 4s1
30	Zinc	Zn	ancient	12	[Ar] 3d10 4s2
31	Gallium	Ga	1875	13	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
32	Germanium	Ge	1886	14	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
33	Arsenic	As	ancient	15	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3
34	Selenium	Se	1817	16	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
35	Bromine	Br	1826	17	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
36	Krypton	Kr	1898	18	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
37	Rubidium	Rb	1861	1	[Kr] 5s1
38	Strontium	Sr	1790	2	[Kr] 5s2
39	Yttrium	Y	1794	3	[Kr] 4d1 5s2
40	Zirconium	Zr	1789	4	[Kr] 4d2 5s2
41	Niobium	Nb	1801	5	[Kr] 4d4 5s1
42	Molybdenum	Mo	1781	6	[Kr] 4d5 5s1
43	Technetium	Tc	1937	7	[Kr] 4d5 5s2
44	Ruthenium	Ru	1844	8	[Kr] 4d7 5s1
45	Rhodium	Rh	1803	9	[Kr] 4d8 5s1
46	Palladium	Pd	1803	10	[Kr] 4d10
47	Silver	Ag	ancient	11	[Kr] 4d10 5s1
48	Cadmium	Cd	1817	12	[Kr] 4d10 5s2
49	Indium	In	1863	13	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
50	Tin	Sn	ancient	14	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
51	Antimony	Sb	ancient	15	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
52	Tellurium	Te	1783	16	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
53	Iodine	I	1811	17	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
54	Xenon	Xe	1898	18	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6
55	Cesium	Cs	1860	1	[Xe] 6s1
56	Barium	Ba	1808	2	[Xe] 6s2
57	Lanthanum	La	1839	3	[Xe] 5d1 6s2
58	Cerium	Ce	1803	101	[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
59	Praseodymium	Pr	1885	101	[Xe] 4f3 6s2
60	Neodymium	Nd	1885	101	[Xe] 4f4 6s2
61	Promethium	Pm	1945	101	[Xe] 4f5 6s2
62	Samarium	Sm	1879	101	[Xe] 4f6 6s2
63	Europium	Eu	1901	101	[Xe] 4f7 6s2
64	Gadolinium	Gd	1880	101	[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
65	Terbium	Tb	1843	101	[Xe] 4f9 6s2
66	Dysprosium	Dy	1886	101	[Xe] 4f10 6s2
67	Holmium	Ho	1867	101	[Xe] 4f11 6s2
68	Erbium	Er	1842	101	[Xe] 4f12 6s2
69	Thulium	Tm	1879	101	[Xe] 4f13 6s2
70	Ytterbium	Yb	1878	101	[Xe] 4f14 6s2
71	Lutetium	Lu	1907	101	[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
72	Hafnium	Hf	1923	4	[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
73	Tantalum	Ta	1802	5	[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
74	Tungsten	W	1783	6	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
75	Rhenium	Re	1925	7	[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
76	Osmium	Os	1803	8	[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
77	Iridium	Ir	1803	9	[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
78	Platinum	Pt	1735	10	[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
79	Gold	Au	ancient	11	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
80	Mercury	Hg	ancient	12	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
81	Thallium	Tl	1861	13	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
82	Lead	Pb	ancient	14	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
83	Bismuth	Bi	ancient	15	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
84	Polonium	Po	1898	16	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
85	Astatine	At	1940	17	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5
86	Radon	Rn	1900	18	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6
87	Francium	Fr	1939	1	[Rn] 7s1
88	Radium	Ra	1898	2	[Rn] 7s2
89	Actinium	Ac	1899	3	[Rn] 6d1 7s2
90	Thorium	Th	1829	102	[Rn] 6d2 7s2
91	Protactinium	Pa	1913	102	[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
92	Uranium	U	1789	102	[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
93	Neptunium	Np	1940	102	[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
94	Plutonium	Pu	1940	102	[Rn] 5f6 7s2
95	Americium	Am	1944	102	[Rn] 5f7 7s2
96	Curium	Cm	1944	102
97	Berkelium	Bk	1949	102
98	Californium	Cf	1950	102
99	Einsteinium	Es	1952	102
100	Fermium	Fm	1952	102
101	Mendelevium	Md	1955	102
102	Nobelium	No	1958	102
103	Lawrencium	Lr	1961	102
104	Rutherfordium	Rf	1964	4
105	Dubnium	Db	1967	5
106	Seaborgium	Sg	1974	6
107	Bohrium	Bh	1981	7
108	Hassium	Hs	1984	8
109	Meitnerium	Mt	1982	9

Periodic Table elements wikipedia is here, read each element properties here